Nuclear Power plant

Nuclear Power plant - 

A power generating station in which nuclear energy is converted into electrical energy is known as a nuclear power station.

• In nuclear power station, Uranium (U235) or Thorium (Th232) are subjected to nuclear fission in a special apparatus known as a reactor.

• The heat energy thus released is utilized in raising steam at high temperature and pressure.

• The steam runs the steam turbine which converts steam energy into mechanical energy.

• The turbine drives the alternator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Nuclear Fission:

Nuclear fission is done by bombarding Uranium nuclei with slow moving neutrons. The breaking up of nuclei of heavy atoms into two nearly equal parts with release of huge amount of energy is known as nuclear fission.

The release of huge amount of energy during fission is

due to mass defect i.e. the mass of the final product comes out to be less than the initial product. This mass defect is converted into heat energy according to Einstein's relation, E = mc2.

A classic example of a fission reaction is that of U-235:

U-235 + 1 Neutron 3 Neutrons + Kr-91 + Ba-142 + Energy Fission produces large amounts of heat energy and it is this heat that is captured by nuclear power plants to produce electricity.

Construction:

The arrangement of a nuclear power station has the following main stages.

• Nuclear reactor

• Heat exchanger

• Steam turbine

• Alternator

Advantages:

• The amount of fuel required is quite small.

Therefore, there is a considerable saving in the cost of fuel transportation.

• A nuclear power plant requires less space as compared to any other type of the same size.

• It has low running charges as a small amount of fuel is used for producing bulk electrical energy.

• This type of plant is very economical for producing bulk electric power.

• There are large deposits of nuclear fuels available all over the world.

Disadvantages:

• The fuel used is expensive and is difficult to recover.

• The capital cost on a nuclear plant is very high as compared to other types of plants.

• The erection and commissioning of the plant requires greater technical know-how.

• The fission by-products are generally radioactive and may cause a dangerous amount of radioactive pollution.

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